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. Original broadcasts:. ( ).
(4:3 )Audio formatMonaural, ( edition), (Blu-ray)Original releaseSeptember 8, 1966 ( 1966-09-08) –June 3, 1969 ( 1969-06-03)ChronologyFollowed byRelated showsExternal linksThe show is set in the, roughly during the 2260s. The ship and crew are led by Captain , First Officer and Science Officer , and Chief Medical Officer. Shatner's voice-over introduction during each episode's opening credits stated the starship's purpose:“Space: the final frontier.
These are the voyages of. Its five-year mission: to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go.”The series was produced from September 1966 to December 1967 by and, and by from January 1968 to June 1969. Star Trek aired on from September 8, 1966, to June 3, 1969, and was actually seen first on September 6, 1966, on Canada's network. Star Trek 's while on NBC were low, and the network canceled it after three seasons and 79 episodes. Several years later the series became a hit in, remaining so throughout the 1970s, achieving status and a developing influence on popular culture.
Star Trek eventually spawned a franchise, consisting of six television series, thirteen feature films, numerous books, games, and toys, and is now widely considered one of the most popular and influential television series of all time.The series contains significant elements of, as described by Roddenberry and the general audience. On March 11, 1964, Gene Roddenberry, a long-time fan of science fiction, drafted a short treatment for a science-fiction television series that he called Star Trek. This was to be set on board a large interstellar named S.S. Yorktown in the 23rd century bearing a crew dedicated to exploring the.Roddenberry noted a number of influences on his idea, some of which includes 's tales of the spaceship, 's Marathon series of stories, and the film (1956).
Some have also drawn parallels with the television series (1954), a which included many of the elements that were integral to Star Trek—the organization, crew relationships, missions, part of the bridge layout, and some technology.: 24 Roddenberry also drew heavily from 's novels that depict a daring sea captain who exercises broad discretionary authority on distant sea missions of noble purpose. He often humorously referred to Captain Kirk as 'Horatio Hornblower in Space'.Roddenberry had extensive experience in writing for that had been popular television fare in the 1950s and 1960s. Armed with this background, the first draft characterized the new show as ' to the stars.' Like the familiar Wagon Train, each episode was to be a self-contained adventure story, set within the structure of a continuing voyage through space. Most future television and movie realizations of the franchise adhered to the 'Wagon Train' paradigm of the continuing journey, with the notable exception of the serialized, and the of.In Roddenberry's original concept, the protagonist was Captain of the starship S.S.
This character was developed into, first portrayed. April is listed in the Star Trek Chronology, and at startrek.com as the Enterprise 's first commanding officer, preceding Captain.
The character's only television/movie appearance is in the episode '. In April 1964, Roddenberry presented the Star Trek draft to, a leading independent television production company. He met with, Desilu's Director of Production. Solow saw promise in the idea and signed a three-year program-development contract with Roddenberry., head of Desilu, was not familiar with the nature of the project, but she was instrumental in getting the pilot produced.The idea was extensively revised and fleshed out during this time – ' pilot filmed in late 1964 differs in many respects from the March 1964 treatment. Solow, for example, added the ' concept.had a with.
Oscar Katz, Desilu's Vice President of Production, went with Roddenberry to pitch the series to the network. They refused to purchase the show, as they already had a similar show in development, the 1965 series.In May 1964, Solow, who had previously worked at, met with, then head of the network's West Coast programming department. Tinker commissioned the first pilot – which became 'The Cage'.
NBC turned down the resulting pilot, stating that it was 'too cerebral'. However, the NBC executives were still impressed with the concept, and they understood that its perceived faults had been partly because of the script that they had selected themselves.NBC made the unusual decision to pay for a second pilot, using the script called '. Only the character of, played by, was retained from the first pilot, and only two cast members, and Nimoy, were carried forward into the series.
This second pilot proved to be satisfactory to NBC, and the network selected Star Trek to be in its upcoming television schedule for the fall of 1966.The second pilot introduced most of the other main characters: Captain Kirk , Chief Engineer Lt. Commander and Lt. , who served as a physicist on the ship in the second pilot but subsequently became a helmsman throughout the rest of the series. Mark Piper in the second pilot; ship's doctor joined the cast when filming began for the first season, and he remained for the rest of the series, achieving billing as the third star of the series.
Also joining the ship's permanent crew during the first season were the communications officer, Lt. , the first African-American woman to hold such an important role in an American television series; the captain's, , who departed midway through the first season; and (Majel Barrett), the ship's Nurse and assistant to McCoy.
Joined the cast as Ensign in the series' second season.In February 1966, before the first episode was aired, Star Trek was nearly canceled by Desilu Productions. Desilu had gone from making just one half-hour show ( ) to deficit-financing a portion of two expensive hour-long shows, and Star Trek. Solow was able to convince Lucille Ball that both shows should continue. The original starship EnterpriseOnce the series had been picked up by NBC, the production moved to what was then Desilu Productions' Gower street location. It had previously been the main studio complex used by, and is now part of the lot. The series used what are now stages 31 and 32.
The show's production staff included art director. Jefferies designed the starship Enterprise and most of its interiors. His contributions to the series were honored in the name of the ', an equipment shaft depicted in various Star Trek series. In addition to working with his brother, John Jefferies, to create the hand-held phaser weapons of Star Trek, Jefferies also developed the set design for the bridge of the Enterprise (which was based on an earlier design by ).
Jefferies used his practical experience as an airman during and his knowledge of aircraft design to devise a sleek, functional and bridge layout.The costume designer for Star Trek, created the striking look of the for the Enterprise, the costumes for female guest stars, and for various, including the, and Gideonites among others.Artist and sculptor, who had worked for, was hired to design and manufacture props: he created the flip-open communicator, often credited as having influenced the configuration of the portable version of the. Chang also designed the portable sensing-recording-computing 'tricorder' device, and various fictitious devices for the starship's engineering crew and its sick bay. As the series progressed, he helped to create various memorable aliens, such as the and the.Season 1 (1966–1967).
William Shatner as Kirk in action, from the episode ', 1966NBC ordered 16 episodes of Star Trek, besides '. The first regular episode of Star Trek, ', aired on Thursday, September 8, 1966 from 8:30 to 9:30 as part of an NBC 'sneak preview' block. Reviews were mixed; while and liked the new show, and were less favorable, and predicted that it 'won't work', calling it 'an incredible and dreary mess of confusion and complexities'. Debuting against mostly reruns, Star Trek easily won its time slot with a 40.6 share. The following week against all-new programming, however, the show fell to second (29.4 share) behind CBS. It ranked 33rd (out of 94 programs) over the next two weeks, then the following two episodes ranked 51st in the ratings.
Title used for the first season, editor of, wrote in February 1967 of his amazement that Star Trek 's 'regular shows were just as good' as the early episodes that won an award at in September. Believing that the show would soon be canceled because of low ratings, he lamented that it 'made the mistake of appealing to a comparatively literate group', and urged readers to write letters to help save the show. Star Trek 's first-season ratings would in earlier years likely have caused NBC to cancel the show. The network had pioneered research into viewers' in the early 1960s, however, and, by 1967, it and other networks increasingly considered such data when making decisions;: 115 for example, CBS temporarily canceled that year because it had too many older and too few younger viewers. Although Roddenberry later claimed that NBC was unaware of Star Trek 's favorable demographics, awareness of Star Trek 's 'quality' audience is what likely caused the network to retain the show after the first and second seasons.: 115 NBC instead decided to order 10 more new episodes for the first season, and order a second season in March 1967. The network originally announced that the show would air at 7:30–8:30 pm Tuesday, but it was instead given an 8:30–9:30 pm Friday slot when the 1967–68 NBC schedule was released, making watching it difficult for the young viewers that the show most attracted. Spock, Kirk and the Enterprise, 1968.Star Trek 's ratings continued to decline during the second season.
Although Shatner expected the show to end after two seasons and began to prepare for other projects, NBC nonetheless may have never seriously considered canceling the show. As early as January 1968, the reported that Star Trek 's chances for renewal for a third season were 'excellent'. The show had better ratings for NBC than ABC's competing, and the competing CBS programs (#3 and the first half-hour of the #12 CBS Friday Night Movie) were in the top 15 in the Nielsen ratings. Again, demographics helped Star Trek survive.: 116 Contrary to popular belief among its fans, the show did not have a larger audience of young viewers than its competition while on NBC. The network's research did, however, indicate that Star Trek had a 'quality audience' including 'upper-income, better-educated males', and other NBC shows had lower overall ratings.: 116 The show was unusual at the time in its serious discussion of contemporary societal issues in a futuristic context, unlike Lost in Space which was more ' in nature.
It doesn't stop! They're lined up all the way down the street!—Norman Lunenfeld, NBC executive, on the mail trucks delivering Star Trek fans' lettersThe enthusiasm of Star Trek 's viewers surprised NBC.
The network had already received 29,000 fan letters for the show during its first season, more than for any other except. And now an announcement of interest to all viewers of Star Trek. We are pleased to tell you that Star Trek will continue to be seen on NBC Television. We know you will be looking forward to seeing the weekly adventure in space on Star Trek.—NBC announcer, March 1, 1968NBC—which used such anecdotes in much of its publicity for the show—made the unusual decision to announce on television, after the episode ' on March 1, 1968, that the series had been renewed.: 116–117 The announcement implied a request to stop writing, but instead caused fans to send letters of thanks in similar numbers. Season 3 (1968–1969).
' was the first episode of the third season.NBC at first planned to move Star Trek to Mondays for the show's third season, likely in hopes of increasing its audience after the enormous letter campaign that surprised the network. But in March 1968, NBC instead moved the show to 10:00 pm, an hour undesirable for its younger audience, so as not to conflict with the highly successful on Monday evenings, from whose time slot Laugh-In producer had angrily demanded it not be rescheduled. In addition to the undesirable time slot, Star Trek was now being seen on only 181 of NBC's 210 affiliates.Roddenberry was frustrated, and complained, 'If the network wants to kill us, it couldn't make a better move.'
He attempted to persuade NBC to give Star Trek a better day and hour, but was not successful. As a result of this and his own growing exhaustion, he chose to withdraw from the stress of the daily production of Star Trek, though he remained nominally in charge as its 'executive producer'. Roddenberry reduced his direct involvement in Star Trek before the start of the 1968–69 television season, and was replaced by as the producer of the television series. NBC next reduced Star Trek's budget by a significant amount per episode, as the per-minute commercial price had dropped from $39,000 to $36,000 compared to the Season 2 time slot. This caused what many perceive as a significant decline in quality for the 1968–69 season. William Shatner felt that the main characters became increasingly compromised or exaggerated while being involved in growingly improbable story lines.
Leonard Nimoy added that mercenary concerns came to predominate. Associate Producer Bob Justman, who left during the third season, says that the budget cuts caused the crew to become necessarily limited in the type of filming that could be done, such as outdoor work, with only one episode, 'The Paradise Syndrome', shot largely outdoors. Nichelle Nichols described the budget-cutting during the final year as an intentional effort to kill off Star Trek:While NBC paid lip service to expanding Star Trek 's audience, it now slashed our production budget until it was actually ten percent lower than it had been in our first season. This is why in the third season you saw fewer outdoor location shots, for example. Top writers, top guest stars, top anything you needed was harder to come. Thus, Star Trek's demise became a self-fulfilling prophecy.
And I can assure you, that is exactly as it was meant to be.The last day of filming for Star Trek was January 9, 1969, and after 79 episodes NBC canceled the show in February despite fans' attempt at another letter-writing campaign. One newspaper columnist advised a protesting viewer:You Star Trek fans have fought the 'good fight,' but the show has been canceled and there's nothing to be done now.In 2011, the decision to cancel Star Trek by NBC was ranked #4 on the special, 25 Biggest TV Blunders 2. Surprisingly, one show no longer programmed by a network but syndicated to local television stations ( Star Trek) sometimes appeared among the top five favorites in areas where the show is carried.—'Students rate television', 1971Although many of the third season's episodes were considered of poor quality, it gave Star Trek enough episodes for. Most shows require for syndication, because otherwise there are not enough episodes for daily., however, purchased syndication rights for Star Trek during the first season for its stations in several large cities. The company arranged the unusual deal because it saw the show as effective against the ' 6 pm evening news programs.: 138 Paramount began advertising the reruns in in March 1969; as Kaiser's ratings were good, other stations, such as in New York City and WKBS in Philadelphia, also purchased the episodes: 91–92 for similar counterprogramming.: 121Through syndication, Star Trek found a larger audience than it had on NBC, becoming a.: 138–139 Airing the show in the late afternoon or early evening attracted many new viewers, often young.
By 1970, Paramount's trade advertisements claimed that the show had significantly improved its stations' ratings, and the commented on Star Trek 's ability to 'acquire the most enviable ratings in the syndication field'.: 121 By 1972, what the Associated Press described as 'the show that won't die' aired in more than 100 American cities and 60 other countries; and more than 3,000 fans attended the first in New York City in January 1972. Since that dark day in 1969 when NBC brought the programming hammer down on Star Trek, there probably hasn't been a 24-hour period when the original program, one of the original episodes, wasn't being aired somewhere.— Chicago Tribune, 1987Fans of the show became increasingly organized, gathering at conventions to trade merchandise, meet actors from the show, and watch screenings of old episodes. Such fans came to be known as ', who were noted (and often ridiculed) for their extreme devotion to the show and their encyclopedic knowledge of every episode. Unlike other syndicated reruns, prices for Star Trek rose, instead of falling, over time,: 122 because fans enjoyed rewatching each episode many, often dozens of, times; in 1977 stated that the show 'threatens to rerun until the universe crawls back into its little black hole'. By 1986, 17 years after entering syndication, Star Trek was the most popular syndicated series; by 1987, Paramount made $1 million from each episode; and by 1994, the reruns still aired in 94% of the United States.From September 1 to December 24, 1998, the Sci-Fi Channel broadcast a 'Special Edition' of all The Original Series episodes in an expanded 90-minute format hosted by William Shatner. About 3–4 minutes of each episode that had been edited out of the syndicated shows for additional commercial time were restored for the 'Special Edition' broadcast.
In addition to introductory and post-episode commentary by Shatner, the episodes included interviews with members of the regular production team and cast, writers, guest stars, and critics (titled as ' Star Trek Insights'). The episodes were broadcast in the original broadcast sequence, followed by 'The Cage', to which a full 105-minute segment was devoted. (For details on each episode's original airdate, see.) Leonard Nimoy hosted a second run from December 28, 1998 to March 24, 1999, but not all the episodes were broadcast because the show was abruptly canceled before completion. Remastered editionIn September 2006, (now known as, the current rights holders for the Star Trek television franchises) began syndication of an enhanced version of Star Trek: The Original Series in with new visual effects.Under the direction of Star Trek producer David Rossi, who consulted with Mike and Denise Okuda, the visual and special effects were recreated to give Star Trek: The Original Series a more modern look. Special attention was given to such elements as the Enterprise, alien planets and their images depicted from space, planets seen from orbit, alien spacecraft, and technology such as computer readouts, viewscreen images, and phaser beams.The restoration and enhancement was performed. All live-action footage was scanned in high definition from its first-generation 35 mm film elements.
While it was possible to retouch and remaster some visual effects, all new exterior ship, space and planet shots were recreated under the supervision of Emmy-nominated visual effects supervisor Niel Wray.As noted in the 'making of' DVD feature, first-generation 'original camera negatives' were used for all live-action footage but not for external shots of the ship and planets. Notable changes include new space shots with a CGI Enterprise, and other new models (for example, a ship is shown in '), redone background shots, and other minor touches such as tidying up viewscreens.A small number of scenes were also recomposed, and sometimes new actors were placed into the background of shots. The opening theme music was also re-recorded in digital stereo.The first episode to be released to syndication was ' on the weekend of September 16, 2006. Episodes were released at the rate of about one a week and broadcast in a 4:3 aspect ratio. Despite the remastering, CBS chose to deliver the broadcast syndication package in.
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The HD format was made commercially available through, or by download such as iTunes, and.While the CGI shots were mastered in a 16:9 aspect ratio for future applications, they were initially broadcast in the U.S. And Canada – along with the live-action footage – in a 4:3 aspect ratio to respect the show's original composition. If the producers were to choose to reformat the entire show for the 16:9 ratio, live-action footage would be cropped, significantly reducing the height of the original image.On July 26, 2007, (with distribution by Paramount Home Entertainment) announced that the remastered episodes of TOS would be released on an /DVD hybrid format.
Season 1 was released on November 20, 2007. Season 2 had been scheduled for release in the summer of 2008, but it was canceled when (which had been helping finance the remastering of the show) pulled out of the HD DVD business. On August 5, 2008, the remastered Season 2 was released on DVD only. For this release, CBS and Paramount used discs without any disc art, making them look like the 'Season 1 Remastered' HD DVD/DVD combo discs, despite having content only on one side. Season 3 was released on DVD only on November 18, 2008. On February 17, 2009, Paramount announced the Season 1 of TOS on for a May release to coincide with the new feature film coming from Paramount. The second season was released in a seven disc set on Blu-ray in the U.S.
On September 22, 2009. The third season was released on Blu-ray in the U.S. On December 15.
With the release of the 'Alternate Realities' box set, remastered Original Series episodes were included in a multi-series compilation for the first time. It was unknown if future compilation releases would exclusively use the remastered episodes or not.In region 2 and region 4, all three seasons of the remastered Original Series became available on DVD in the slimline edition (in the UK and Germany in steelbook editions) on April 27, 2009 as well as the first season in Blu-ray. ActorCharacterPositionAppearancesCharacter's speciesRankCommanding OfficerSeasons 1–3HumanThe captain of the USS Enterprise, born in, in the year 2233. His two best friends are Spock and Dr. McCoy; one will advise Kirk with logic, while the other one uses emotional instincts.First/Executive OfficerScience OfficerSeasons 1–3Half-Human/Half-Season 1 Seasons 1-3The half-human, half-Vulcan First/Executive Officer and science officer as well as second-in-command. He is one of Kirk's best friends and uses logic to solve problems.Dr.Chief Medical OfficerSeasons 1–3HumanThe ship's chief medical officer, he is Kirk's other best friend and gives him advice with his human emotional feelings, whilst Spock uses logic.Seasons 1–3HumanThe Enterprise 's Scottish Chief Engineer and second officer (i.e.
Third-in-command), who is very protective of the ship. Scotty's technical knowledge and skill allow him to devise unconventional and effective last-minute solutions to dire problems.Communications OfficerSeasons 1–3HumanThe ship's communication officer. She is depicted as a capable bridge officer and readily manned the helm, navigation and science stations on the bridge when the need arose. Uhura was also a talented singer, and enjoyed serenading her shipmates when off-duty; Spock occasionally accompanied her on the Vulcan lyre.HelmsmanSeasons 1–3HumanSulu is the ship's helmsman and has many interests and hobbies, including gymnastics, botany, fencing, and ancient weaponry.NavigatorSeasons 2-3HumanEnsignChekov is a Russian-born navigator introduced in the show's second season.Head NurseSeasons 1-3HumanN/AThe ship's head nurse who works with Dr. Mccoy.Note: Barrett, who played the ship's first officer (number one) in 'The Cage', also voiced the ship's computer.Season 1HumanN/AThe captain's personal Yeoman.Note: Although Rand appears in several promotional images for the show, she stopped appearing midway through the first season.While still casting the roles, Gene Roddenberry did not mandate Bones McCoy and Spock be male. According to Nichelle Nichols, 'They gave me a three-page script to read from that had three characters named Bones, Kirk and somebody called Spock, and they asked me if I would read for the role of Spock. When I looked at this great text, I said to myself, 'I'll take any one of these roles,' but I found the Spock character to be very interesting, and I asked them to tell me what she Spock was like.'
It was intended that Sulu's role be expanded in the second season, but owing to Takei's part in John Wayne's, he appeared in only half the season, his role being filled by as the relatively young, Russian navigator Ensign. When Takei returned, the two had to share a dressing room and a single episode script. The two appeared together at the Enterprise helm for the remainder of the series. There may be some truth to the unofficial story that the 's newspaper complained that among the culturally diverse characters there were no Russians, seen as a personal slight to that country since the had been the first man to make a spaceflight. Gene Roddenberry said in response that 'The Chekov thing was a major error on our part, and I'm still embarrassed by the fact we didn't include a Russian right from the beginning.' However, documentation from Desilu suggests that the intention was to introduce a character into Star Trek with more sex appeal to teenaged girls.
Walter Koenig noted in the 2006 40th anniversary special of Star Trek: The Original Series that he doubted the rumor about Pravda, since Star Trek had never been shown on Soviet television. It has also been claimed that the former member of, was the model for Mr. Chekov.In addition, the series frequently included characters (usually security personnel wearing red uniforms) who are killed or injured soon after their introduction.
So prevalent was this that it inspired the term ' to denote a whose sole purpose is to die violently in order to show the danger facing the main characters.Characterizations. Promotional photo of the cast of Star Trek during the third season (1968–1969). From left to right:, and.Star Trek made celebrities of its cast of largely unknown actors. Kelley had appeared in many films and television shows, but mostly in smaller roles that showcased him as a villain. Nimoy also had previous television and film experience but was not well known either. Nimoy had partnered previously with Shatner in a 1964 episode of, 'The Project Strigas Affair,' and with Kelley (as a doctor) in a 1963 episode of, 'Man of Violence,' both more than two years before Star Trek first aired.
Before Star Trek, Shatner was well known in the trade, having appeared in several notable films, played on Broadway, and even turned down the part of. However, when roles became sparse he took the regular job after Jeffrey Hunter's contract was not renewed. After the episodes aired, many performers found themselves because of their defining roles in the show.
( Star Trek: The Next Generation actor stated in 1991, however: 'If what happened to the first cast is called being typecast, then I want to be typecast. Of course, they didn't get the jobs after Trek. But they are making their sixth movie. Name me someone else in television who has made six movies!'
)The three main characters were Kirk, Spock, and McCoy, with writers often playing the different personalities off each other: Kirk was passionate and often aggressive, but with a sly sense of humor; Spock was coolly logical; and McCoy was sardonic, emotional, and illogical, but always compassionate. In many stories the three clashed, with Kirk forced to make a tough decision while Spock advocated the logical but sometimes callous path and McCoy (or 'Bones', as Kirk nicknamed him) insisted on doing whatever would cause the least harm. Shatner and (1967)In its writing, Star Trek is notable as one of the earliest science-fiction TV series to use the services of leading contemporary science fiction writers, such as, and, as well as established television writers. Series (originally Roddenberry's secretary) played a key role in the success of Star Trek—she edited most of the series' scripts and wrote several episodes.
Her credits read D.C. Fontana at the suggestion of Gene Roddenberry, who felt a female science fiction writer might not be taken seriously in the majority-male field.Roddenberry often used the setting of a space vessel set many years in the future to comment on social issues of 1960s America, including sexism, racism, nationalism, and global war.
In November 1968, just a few months after the, the episode ' went down in history as the first American television show to feature a scripted interracial kiss between characters (Capt. Uhura), although the kiss was only mimed (obscured by the back of a character's head) and depicted as involuntary. ' presented a direct allegory about the irrationality and futility of racism. Anti-war themes appear in episodes such as ', depicting a planet-destroying weapon as an analogy to nuclear weapons deployed under the principle of, and ' about a society which has 'civilized' war to the point that they no longer see it as something to avoid.Episodes such as ', ', ' and ' display subtle anti-religious (owing mainly to Roddenberry's own ) and anti-establishment themes.
' and ' have themes that are more pro-Christian or patriotic. The show experienced network and/or sponsor interference, up to and including wholesale censorship of scripts and film footage. This was a regular occurrence in the 1960s and Star Trek suffered from its fair share of tampering. Scripts were routinely vetted and censored by the staff of NBC's Broadcast Standards Department, which copiously annotated every script with demands for cuts or changes (e.g.
'Page 4: Please delete McCoy's expletive, 'Good Lord ' or 'Page 43: Caution on the embrace; avoid open-mouthed kiss').The series was noted for its sense of humor, such as Spock and McCoy's pointed, yet friendly, bickering. Certain episodes, such as ', ' and, were written and staged as comedies with dramatic elements. Most episodes were presented as action/adventure dramas, frequently including space battles or fist fights between the ship's crew and guest antagonists.Several episodes used the concept of planets developing parallel to Earth, allowing reuse of stock props, costumes and sets. 'Bread and Circuses', ' and 'The Omega Glory' depict such worlds; 'A Piece of the Action', and 'Plato's Stepchildren' are based on alien planets that have adopted period Earth cultures (Prohibition-era Chicago, Nazi Germany and ancient Greece, respectively).
Main article:The show's theme tune, immediately recognizable by many, was written by, and has been featured in several Star Trek spin-off episodes and motion pictures. Gene Roddenberry subsequently wrote a set of accompanying lyrics, even though the lyrics were never used in the series, nor did Roddenberry ever intend them to be; this allowed him to claim co-composer credit and hence 50% of the theme's performance royalties. Courage considered Roddenberry's actions, while entirely legal, to be unethical. Series producer noted in the book Inside Star Trek The Real Story, that work on the film kept Courage from working on more than two episodes of the first season. However, Justman also believed that Courage lost enthusiasm for the series because of the 'royalty' issue.: 185 Courage did not score any episodes of the second season; however he did conduct a recording session for about 30 minutes of 'library cues' for the second season, on June 16, 1967. Courage returned to score two episodes of the third season.Later episodes used stock recordings from Courage's earlier work. Jazz trumpeter recorded a version of the tune with his band during the late 1970s, and Nichelle Nichols performed the song live complete with lyrics.The Lyrics for the song are:'Beyond the rim of star-lightmy love is wand'ring in star-flightI know he'll find in star-clustered reacheslove,strange love a star women teachesI know his journey ends neverhis star trek will go on foreverbut tell him while he wanders his starry searemember, Remember me.'
Dramatic underscoreFor budgetary reasons, this series made significant use of 'tracked' music, or music written for other episodes that was reused in later episodes. Of the 79 episodes that were broadcast, only 31 had complete or partial original dramatic underscores created specifically for them. The remainder of the music in any episode was tracked from other episodes and from cues recorded for the music library. Which episodes would have new music was mostly the decision of Robert H. Justman, the Associate Producer during the first two seasons.Screen credits for the composers were given based on the amount of music composed for, or composed and reused in, the episode. Some of these final music credits were occasionally incorrect.Beyond the short works of (music whose source is seen or acknowledged onscreen) created for specific episodes, eight composers were contracted to create original dramatic underscore during the series run:, Samuel Matlovsky, Joseph Mullendore,.
The composers conducted their own music. Of these composers, Steiner composed the original music for thirteen episodes and it is his instrumental arrangement of Alexander Courage's main theme that is heard over many of the end title credits of the series.The tracked musical underscores were chosen and edited to the episode by the music editors, principal of whom were Robert Raff (most of Season One), Jim Henrikson (Season One and Two), and Richard Lapham (Season Three).Some of the original recordings of the music were released in the United States commercially on the label. Music for a number of the episodes was re-recorded by and the for the label; and by Tony Bremner with the Royal Philharmonic for the Label X label. Finally in December 2012, the complete original recordings were released by La-La Land Records as a 15-CD, with liner notes by Jeff Bond. Episodes with original musicListed in production order. Episodes that were only partially scored are in italics.Season 1:.
'The Cage'. 'Where No Man Has Gone Before' (Alexander Courage). 'The Corbomite Maneuver'. 'Mudd's Women' (Fred Steiner). 'The Enemy Within'. 'The Man Trap' (Alexander Courage). 'The Naked Time' (Alexander Courage).
'Charlie X' (Fred Steiner). 'Balance of Terror' (Fred Steiner). 'What Are Little Girls Made Of?' (Fred Steiner).
'The Conscience of the King' (Joseph Mullendore). 'Shore Leave'. 'The City on the Edge of Forever' (Fred Steiner)Season 2:. 'Catspaw' (Gerald Fried).
'Metamorphosis'. 'Friday's Child' (Gerald Fried). 'Who Mourns for Adonais?' (Fred Steiner). 'Amok Time' (Gerald Fried). 'The Doomsday Machine' (Sol Kaplan).
'Mirror, Mirror' (Fred Steiner). 'I, Mudd' (Samuel Matlovsky). 'The Trouble with Tribbles'. 'By Any Other Name' (Fred Steiner). 'Patterns of Force' (George Duning).
'The Omega Glory' (Fred Steiner). 'Return to Tomorrow' (George Duning)Season 3:. 'Spectre of the Gun' (Jerry Fielding). 'Elaan of Troyius' (Fred Steiner). 'The Paradise Syndrome' (Gerald Fried). 'The Enterprise Incident' (Alexander Courage). 'And the Children Shall Lead' (George Duning).
'Spock's Brain' (Fred Steiner). 'Is There in Truth No Beauty?' (George Duning). 'The Empath' (George Duning). 'Plato's Stepchildren' (Alexander Courage)Note: Although 'The Way to Eden' had no original score, the episode had special musical material by Arthur Heinemann (the episode's writer), guest star and Craig Robertson.
'Requiem for Methuselah' contains a interpretation by Ivan Ditmars. Main article:Although this series never won any Emmys, Star Trek was nominated for the following:. Outstanding Dramatic Series (Gene Roddenberry and ), 1967. Outstanding Dramatic Series (Gene Roddenberry), 1968. Outstanding Supporting Actor ( as Mr.
Spock), 1967, 1968, 1969. Individual Achievement in Art Direction and Allied Crafts (Jim Rugg), 1967. Individual Achievement in Cinematography (Darrell Anderson, Linwood G. Dunn, and Joseph Westheimer), 1967. Individual Achievement in Film and Sound Editing (Douglas Grindstaff), 1967.
Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing (Donald R. Rode), 1968. Special Classification of Individual Achievement for Photographic Effects (The Westheimer Company), 1968. Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction and Scenic Design (John Dwyer and Walter M. Jefferies), 1969.
Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing (Donald R. Rode), 1969. Special Classification Achievements for Photographic Effects (The Howard A.
Anderson Company, The Westheimer Company, Cinema Research), 1969.Eight of its episodes were nominated for one of science-fiction's top awards, the, in the category 'Best Dramatic Presentation'. In 1967, the nominated episodes were ', ', and '. In 1968, all nominees were Star Trek episodes: ', ', ', ', and '. Star Trek won both years for the episodes 'The Menagerie' and 'The City on the Edge of Forever', respectively.
In 1968, Star Trek (the T.V. Show) won a special for Dramatic Presentation. No episode was named. Home mediaEpisodes of the Original Series were among the first television series to be released on the VHS and formats in North America in the 1980s, with all episodes eventually being released on both formats. With the advent of DVD in the mid-1990s, single DVDs featuring two episodes each in production order were released.
In the early 2000s, Paramount Home Video reissued the series to DVD in a series of three deluxe season boxes with added featurettes and documentaries. In February 2009 CBS and Paramount announced that they would release the Original Series on Blu-ray. Season one, two, and three were released on April 28, September 22, and December 15, respectively. The Blu-ray releases let the user choose between 'Enhanced Effects' or 'Original Effects' via a technique called.This first Star Trek episode on VHS for home sale was released in 1982, as prior to this titles were rental only. This market was called the 'sell through' market at that time.Star Trek was quite popular on VHS cassette, and in 1986 sales of original series episodes on VHS reached 1 million units.All 79 episodes of the series have been digitally remastered by (distributed by ) and have since been released on DVD.CBS Home Entertainment released season one of The Original Series on Blu-ray on April 28, 2009. The Blu-ray release contains both Original and Remastered episodes by.Blu-ray nameEp #DiscsRegion 1/A (USA)Region 2/B (UK)Region 4/B (Australia)Blu-ray special featuresSeason One297April 28, 2009April 27, 2009May 6, 2009Starfleet Access for 'Where No Man Has Gone Before'Spacelift: Transporting Trek Into the 21st CenturyStarfleet Access for 'The Menagerie, Parts I and II'Reflections on SpockStarfleet Access for 'The Balance of Terror'Life Beyond Trek: William ShatnerTo Boldly Go. This section needs additional citations for.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( September 2016) Star Trek: The Original Series has inspired many commercial products, including toys, comic books, and many other materials. The comics are generally considered.Action figuresIn the early 1970s the acquired the license to produce Star Trek, which the company successfully marketed from 1974–1976. During this period, the company produced a line of 8' figures featuring, 'Aliens' (a, a, a, a, a, a, an, and a ), and numerous playsets. (Mego also produced a 'life-size' toy.)In the mid-2000s, Paul 'Dr. Mego' Clarke and Joe Sena founded EMCE Toys (pronounced 'MC') to bring Mego toys back to the marketplace.
(Mego went out of business in 1983.) Working with, current holders of the Star Trek license, these figures have been selling in comics shops. New characters are currently being produced that Mego did not originally make, such as, and ' villain.
The that Mego produced had a brown head (identical to the Marvel Comics villain) on a brown body wearing a outfit. Star Trek fans had frequently wished that Mego had made a 'TV-accurate' Gorn; EMCE Toys and DST produced a new green Gorn based on the TV episode '. EMCE Toys hired original Mego packaging artist Harold Schull to illustrate new artwork for Sulu, Chekov, Khan, and the Gorn. EMCE Toys is continuing the Mego revival with the production of more Star Trek figures, including and the. Comic books. Main article:The first Star Trek comics were published by between 1967 and 1978.
These comics were highly stylized and diverged wildly from the TV series continuity. Most storylines used in the Gold Key series featured original characters and concepts, although later issues did include sequels to the original series episodes ', ' and '. Writers included George Kashdan,. Originally they were illustrated by, an Italian artist who had never seen the series and only had publicity photos to use as references. Since Giolitti didn't have a publicity photo of, early issues of the series had Mr.
Scott drawn differently. The original issues, most of which featured photographic covers showing images from the series, are highly collectable.
![Star trek imdb Star trek imdb](https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/memoryalpha/images/a/a1/EddingtonStarfleet.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20060726180651&path-prefix=en)
They are fondly remembered by fans, and a series of reprints ('The Key Collection') of these original titles began to appear in 2004, published. The Gold Key series had a run of 61 issues. Gold Key lost the Star Trek license to in 1979 (although Marvel's license from Paramount prohibited them from utilizing concepts introduced in the original series).From 1969 to 1973, a series of weekly Star Trek ran in the British comics magazine eventually known as. A total of 258 issues were produced, as well as various annuals and specials.
All were original stories. Two more annuals, under the Mighty TV Comic banner, also produced original Star Trek materials. In addition, the weekly reprinted serialized versions of the U.S. Gold Key comics.In 1977–1978, before was widely available, Mandala Productions and published of TOS that included direct adaptations of actual color television episode frames (with ) in comics format.From February 1984 through February 1996, held the license to publish comic books based upon the franchise, including Star Trek: The Original Series.
The main DC Comics Star Trek title was published in two series, comprising 136 issues, 9 annuals, and a number of special issues, plus several mini-series that linked TOS and the subsequent series ( TNG).Marvel Comics again obtained the Star Trek license in 1996. Marvel (under the 'Marvel/Paramount comics' imprint) published various one-shots and the quarterly Star Trek Unlimited series, which covered TOS as well as TNG. They also introduced the new series, which dealt with 's adventures as captain of the Enterprise (as depicted in the rejected TOS pilot ').
Fan acceptance of these comics got off to a shaky start when Marvel's inaugural publication of its new Star Trek line turned out to be a crossover between TOS and Marvel's popular superhero team, the. However, the series turned out to be relatively popular, registering strong sales.Beginning in 2006, published two projects based upon the original series. The new comic anthologies, produced by, were released annually in September 2006 ( Shinsei Shinsei) and 2007 ( Kakan ni Shinkou). Five artists and writer teams presented five new stories, per volume, based on the original series.
Main article:Roddenberry was 'committed to a liberalism that believed in prosperity, technological progress, and universal humanity' and at odds withthe New Left, which 'saw the evils of society as the consequence not merely of capitalism but of technology and reason itself.' ParodiesThe Original Series has been parodied many times in other television series. Produced two famous sketches parodying The Original Series, in 1976 and William Shatner's own ' sketch in 1986 (which parodied the show's 'trekkie' followers). 'The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise' is a twelve-minute sketch, written. It was described by as 'one of the best Star Trek parody sketches of all time'.
Ranked Shatner's 'Get a life' sketch alongside 'The Last Voyage.' As one of the most famous parodies of the show.The Canadian comedy duo parodied Star Trek as Star Schtick in the late 1970s. An entire Finnish parody series was produced starting in 1992, culminating with in 2005, all available as legal downloads on the web.The series has also been parodied on, and notably in the episode ', which was described by as a 'touchstone' for fans. The 1999 film portrays the lives of a once-popular television space-drama crew who are kidnapped by real aliens who have mistaken the fictional series for reality. The main characters are parodies of Star Trek characters, and many of the plot elements refer to or parody popular 1960s TV-series customs.John Scalzi's novel Redshirts, winner of the 2013 for Best Novel, uses the theme of red-shirted Star Fleet officers as.Fan productions. Said of the series that ' Star Trek was again a very inconsistent show which at times sparkled with true ingenuity and pure science fiction approaches. At other times it was more carnival-like, and very much more the creature of television than the creature of a legitimate literary form.'
And Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry developed a unique relationship during Star Trek 's initial run in the late 1960s. Asimov wrote a critical essay on Star Trek 's scientific accuracy for TV Guide magazine. Roddenberry retorted respectfully with a personal letter explaining the limitations of accuracy when writing a weekly series. Asimov corrected himself with a follow-up essay to TV Guide claiming despite its inaccuracies, that Star Trek was a fresh and intellectually challenging science fiction television show.
For the study done by sane people, see.Project Blue Beam is a that claims that is attempting to implement a religion with the at its head and start a, via a technologically-simulated.The allegations were presented in 1994 by journalist and conspiracy theorist, and later published in his book Project Blue Beam (NASA). Proponents of the theory allege that Monast and another unnamed journalist, who both died of heart attacks in 1996, were in fact assassinated, and that the government kidnapped Monast's daughter in an effort to dissuade him from investigating Project Blue Beam.The project was apparently supposed to be implemented in 1983, but it didn't happen. It was then set for implementation in 1995 and then 1996. Monast thought Project Blue Beam would be brought to fruition by the year 2000, really, definitely, for sure.
“ ”Without a universal belief in the new age religion, the success of the new world order will be impossible!The alleged purpose of Project Blue Beam is to bring about a global religion, which is seen as a core requirement for the 's dictatorship to be realised. There's nothing new in thinking of as a form of control, but the existence of multiple religions, spin-off, competing sects and atheists suggest that controlling the population entirely through a single religion isn't particularly easy. Past attempts have required mechanisms of totalitarianism such as the.Monast's theory, however, suggests using technology to trick people into believing. Of course, the plan would have to assume that people could never fathom the trick at all — something contested by anyone sane enough not to swallow this particular conspiracy.The primary claimed perpetrator of Project Blue Beam is, presented as a large and mostly faceless organization that can readily absorb such frankly odd accusations, aided by the, another old-time boogeyman of conspiracy theorists.According to Monast, the project has four steps:Step One Step One requires the breakdown of all knowledge. This will apparently be accomplished by faking earthquakes at precise locations around the planet. Fake 'new discoveries' at these locations 'will finally explain to all people the error of all fundamental religious doctrines', specifically Christian and Muslim doctrines.This makes some degree of sense — if you want to usurp a current way of thinking you need to completely destroy it before putting forward your own.
However, religious belief is notoriously resilient to things like facts. The is a famous example that is still believed by many to be a genuine shroud of Jesus as opposed to the medieval forgery that it has been conclusively shown to be., too, show how difficult it is to shift religious conviction with mere observational fact — indeed, many avoid making claims or place belief somewhere specifically to aid this.
So what finds could possibly fundamentally destroy both and, almost overnight, and universally all over the globe? Probably nothing. Yet, this is only step one of an increasingly ludicrous set of events that Project Blue Beam predicts will occur.Step Two. The sky projections will appear to people as their god.Step Two involves a gigantic 'space show' wherein three-dimensional holographic laser projections will be beamed all over the planet — and this is where Blue Beam really takes off. The projections will take the shape of whatever deity is most predominant, and will speak in all languages. At the end of this light show, the gods will all merge into one god, the.This is a rather baffling plan as it seems to assume people will think this is actually their god, rather than the more natural twenty-first century assumption that it is a particularly opaque Coca Cola advertisement. Evidence commonly advanced for this is a supposed plan to project the face of Allah, despite its contradiction with Muslim belief of God's uniqueness, over Baghdad in 1991 to tell the Iraqis to overthrow.
Someone, somewhere, must have those primitive, ignorant non-Western savages wouldn't have had television or advertising, and would never guess it was being done with mirrors. In general, pretty much anything that either a) involves light or b) has been seen in the sky has been put forward as evidence that Project Blue Beam is real, and such things are 'tests' of the technology — namely. Existing display technology such as 3D projection mapping and holograms are put forward as foreshadowing the great light show in the sky.This stage will apparently be accomplished with the aid of a computer that will be fed 'with the minute physio-psychological particulars based on their studies of the anatomy and electro-mechanical composition of the human body, and the studies of the electrical, chemical and biological properties of the human brain', and every human has been allocated a unique radio wavelength. The computers are also capable of inducing suicidal thoughts. The Soviets are (not 'were') the 'New World Order' people. Why NASA would use a Soviet computer when the USSR had to import or copy much of its computer technology from the West is not detailed.The second part of Step Two happens when the holograms result in the dissolution of social and religious order, 'setting loose millions of programmed religious fanatics through demonic possession on a scale never witnessed before.' The United Nations plans to use Beethoven's 'Ode to Joy' as the anthem for the introduction of the new age one world religion.There is relatively little to debunk in this, the most widely remembered section of the Project Blue Beam conspiracy, as the idea is so infeasible.
Citing actual existing communication technology is odd if the point is for the end product to appear, rather than just as cheap laser projections onto clouds. This hasn't stopped some very strange conspiracy theories about such things popping up.
Indeed, the notion of gods being projected into the sky was floated in 1991 by conspiracy theorist Betty J. And US general (and extraordinaire), actually floated a plan to fake a Second Coming over to get rid of. Step Three Step Three is 'Telepathic Electronic Two-Way Communication.' It involves making people think their god is, projected into the head of each person individually using radio waves. He was his son and daughter; they were made wards of the state in September 1996 so that they would receive schooling. And, though his documentation of racists and conspiracy nuts is considered pretty solid. A technical term meaning 'made shit up.'
. As it happens, 'Ode to Joy' is already the. Surprisingly, the Blue Beam fans have not yet noted this much. Including people thinking that the entire sky is a hologram:. Possibly aided by Cooper's book, though we have no idea if Monast read Cooper's book specifically.References. ↑ (Educate-Yourself); and a from the GeoCities page. (Contact, April 1996).
↑ (translated transcript of tape);. ↑ (David Hamling, Sydney Morning Herald, February 5th 2000) The article is about ridiculing the blithering stupidity of those who would advance such a ridiculous plan. But somehow it's become a special favorite of conspiracy theorists, who seem to ignore how the last two paragraphs point out that normal people just aren't stupid enough for this sort of thing to work, even as they mirror it widely. (David Openheimer).
On GeoCities, the hallmark of. (French Wikipedia) — which was then translated into English for RationalWiki's article and for the, the latter then being translated again for the.
This RationalWiki article has been redigested into a , which was translated back for English Wikipedia and then. (Above Top Secret forums). (Deborah Dupre, 2010-10-09). (Chase K. Hunter, 2012 Pole Shift Witness, 3.9.2010).
(NowPublic, June 1 2009). (First Contact Radio). (, Power of Prophecy, December 2002. e.g., — all thanks to tweet.
(Betty J. Mills, January 1991). (Nick Redfern, Mysterious Universe blog, 21 August 2012). (David Openheimer).
(Memory Alpha). (Christopher Knowles, The Secret Sun, 2010-11-03).